Wastewater generated in industrial processes must undergo appropriate treatment before being discharged to the sewer system, returned to the environment or reused in other processes. One of the most effective and versatile methods for wastewater management is dissolved air flotation (DAF) systems, which are widely used in industrial processes.
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1. Wastewater Generation in Textile Dyeing and Finishing Textile dyeing and finishing plants impart color, texture, and functional properties to materials, fibers, and fabrics through a series of physical and chemical processes, including: 1. Fabric preparation: The following steps are carried out […]
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1. Wastewater Generation in the Paper Industry The effluents generated during the printing and finishing stages of the paper industry have a heterogeneous composition, characterized by the presence of inks, pigments, chemical additives, dissolved organic compounds, and suspended solids. These discharges exhibit high variability in flow rate and load […]
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1. Wastewater Generation in Metal Surface Treatment The treatment and painting of metal surfaces is essential for protecting building materials and achieving a proper finish. Beyond its aesthetic function, paint acts as a protective barrier against corrosion, mechanical wear, weathering, and other […]
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1. Water Consumption in Data Centers Data centers house countless servers and control units, which occupy large built-up areas where a significant amount of purified water is required to cool them and keep them in proper operating condition. Data centers have high water consumption, especially […]
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1. Introduction to Organic Food and Industrial Waste A significant portion of the raw materials used by the food industry is lost in the effluents generated during production processes. This occurs in a wide range of activities, such as canning, fruit and vegetable processing, the seafood industry, slaughterhouses, dairy processing, and the production of prepared meals. […]
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1. Characterization of Industrial Wastewater Effluents generated by industrial activities must be properly treated in order to comply with current regulations regarding discharges and environmental protection. The proper characterization of wastewater is the first step in ensuring the proper design of a wastewater treatment plant. The quality and […]
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1. The new Directive (EU) 2024/3019 increases regulatory pressure on PFAS in water Directive (EU) 2024/3019 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the treatment of urban waste water strengthens the European regulatory framework regarding emerging pollutants and establishes stricter requirements for the removal of substances such as […]
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1. Characteristics of the effluent generated during the manufacture of flooring The wastewater generated during the production of flooring contains a wide range of contaminants, making its treatment complex and requiring a high degree of customization in the design of the treatment plant. In this case, we find […]
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1. Sludge production in water treatment plants Wastewater, both industrial and urban, usually has high levels of suspended solids carried by the effluent, which are either produced by chemical reactions (precipitates) or appear in biological treatments (excess sludge) from digestion [...].
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1. Effluents in the meat and ham industry. There is a wide variety of industries within the meat sector: slaughterhouses for different types of animals, meat processors, ham producers, fresh, cooked, or pre-cooked products, etc. One of the industries of great interest is ham processing, which tends to have production peaks [...]
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1. Effluents in the tanning industry and their impact on the environment The leather tanning industry, especially leather, contributes enormously to the industrial growth of countries and the global economy, being one of the most important industries, especially in countries such as India, Bangladesh, China, Pakistan, Turkey, and Brazil. The […]
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Introduction: Effluent in the ink printing industry Virtually all industries producing consumable goods (wrapping and packaging in food, cosmetics, textile, pharmaceutical, paper, plastics and toys, bottling, and so on) use pigments and inks extensively, both in product manufacture and packaging, and make use of printing plants. [...]
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1. Wastewater in wine production Wastewater generated in wine cellars has a significant environmental impact due to the high water consumption of this industry and the high pollutant loads. Plants for the treatment of wastewater generated in wine cellars require a high degree of [...]
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Obsolete wastewater treatment plants Many of the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) built in the past decades for the management of industrial effluents with high pollutant load have become obsolete due to various factors: For these reasons, tertiary treatments or plant expansions are often required, and the need for a new treatment plant is often [...]
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Sludge dewatering and sludge drying Industrial and urban effluents contain suspended solids of different nature and size. During the wastewater treatment process, these solids are separated from the water for subsequent management, which can be carried out by: These solid wastes are presented in the form of [...]
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Sludge reduction in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) Wastewater discharged from a DWTP (Drinking Water Treatment Plant) to the sewerage network originates in the sludge treatment line, especially in the thickening, drying and dewatering stages. Optimizing the efficiency of the thickening [...]
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Recirculation and reuse of water in glass production Glass manufacturing requires large quantities of water, so it is common in many areas of the production chain to use recirculated water from the process itself. This water has to be of a high quality and must have [...]
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Introduction Filter presses are a solid-liquid separation technology used for mechanical sludge drying, which is applied in a wide variety of industries, including mining. In the case of the mining industry, filter presses are commonly employed for tailings management, slurry dewatering, metal recovery [...]
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Wastewater in the production of packaging and cardboard boxes The effluents generated in the production of packaging and cardboard boxes are different from those generated in other activities in the paper and similar sectors. They can be summarized as follows: The production plants produce flows of wastewater that usually [...]
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Introduction to groundwater Groundwater is the water found beneath the earth's surface, in porous soils or in the hollows of rock formations. An accumulation of groundwater is considered an aquifer when it can provide a sufficient quantity of water for human consumption. The water table is known as the depth to which [...]
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1. Harmful algal blooms and total organic carbon (TOC) Certain environmental conditions, such as warm weather, favor the growth of algae in surface water bodies. Other times algae are caused by inadequate management of wastewater discharged into the environment. The algae grow in the presence of nutrients [...]
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Introduction Phosphorus is an essential element for life, both for lower organisms and for those with more complex structures. Its role in biology is fundamental, since it intervenes in the formation of multiple constituents of cells, such as: [...]: The absence of phosphorus limits the growth of planktonic algae, [...]
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Introduction Wastewater treatment technologies aim at separating those elements or compounds that provide pollutants that are undesirable for the environment. Although there are many technologies for treating wastewater (physicochemical, biological, oxidation, filtration, etc.), we will focus on those aimed at recovering the most valuable compounds, or [...]
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1. Sludge dewatering A common objective in most wastewater treatment plants is to reduce as much as possible the volume of sludge generated, both in primary and secondary treatments. Sludge dewatering can be carried out by mechanical processes or by thermal processes, being [...]
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