Sludge dewatering and sludge drying Industrial and urban effluents contain suspended solids of different nature and size. During the wastewater treatment process, these solids are separated from the water for subsequent management, which can be carried out by: These solid wastes are presented in the form of [...]
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Sludge reduction in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) Wastewater discharged from a DWTP (Drinking Water Treatment Plant) to the sewerage network originates in the sludge treatment line, especially in the thickening, drying and dewatering stages. Optimizing the efficiency of the thickening [...]
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Recirculation and reuse of water in glass production Glass manufacturing requires large quantities of water, so it is common in many areas of the production chain to use recirculated water from the process itself. This water has to be of a high quality and must have [...]
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Introduction Filter presses are a solid-liquid separation technology used for mechanical sludge drying, which is applied in a wide variety of industries, including mining. In the case of the mining industry, filter presses are commonly employed for tailings management, slurry dewatering, metal recovery [...]
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Wastewater in the production of packaging and cardboard boxes The effluents generated in the production of packaging and cardboard boxes are different from those generated in other activities in the paper and similar sectors. They can be summarized as follows: The production plants produce flows of wastewater that usually [...]
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Introduction to groundwater Groundwater is the water found beneath the earth's surface, in porous soils or in the hollows of rock formations. An accumulation of groundwater is considered an aquifer when it can provide a sufficient quantity of water for human consumption. The water table is known as the depth to which [...]
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1. Harmful algal blooms and total organic carbon (TOC) Certain environmental conditions, such as warm weather, favor the growth of algae in surface water bodies. Other times algae are caused by inadequate management of wastewater discharged into the environment. The algae grow in the presence of nutrients [...]
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Introduction Phosphorus is an essential element for life, both for lower organisms and for those with more complex structures. Its role in biology is fundamental, since it intervenes in the formation of multiple constituents of cells, such as: [...]: The absence of phosphorus limits the growth of planktonic algae, [...]
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Introduction Wastewater treatment technologies aim at separating those elements or compounds that provide pollutants that are undesirable for the environment. Although there are many technologies for treating wastewater (physicochemical, biological, oxidation, filtration, etc.), we will focus on those aimed at recovering the most valuable compounds, or [...]
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1. Sludge dewatering A common objective in most wastewater treatment plants is to reduce as much as possible the volume of sludge generated, both in primary and secondary treatments. Sludge dewatering can be carried out by mechanical processes or by thermal processes, being [...]
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1. Production of industrial bread and pastries During the production of industrial bread and pastries, a wide variety of raw materials are used: The main stages in the production of industrial bread and pastries are as follows: 2. Composition of wastewater generated in the production of bread and pastries [...] 3.
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Introduction to the coagulation and flocculation process Wastewater usually contains solid particles of various sizes and origins that contribute to its contamination. These solids can be organic or inorganic, and their size can vary from fractions of a micron to millimeters. They are known as Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and their presence can cause blockages [...].
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1. Composition of wastewater from the fish and seafood industry The fish and seafood production process is not uniform and varies substantially depending on the final product to be marketed. The most common processes are the following: Each of these stages generates a certain type of wastewater, so [...]...
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1. Primary clarification in wastewater treatment plants Both surface water (rivers, reservoirs and lakes) and wastewater, both from urban and industrial sources, require adequate treatment for their use, discharge to recovery. An important part of this treatment is the initial treatment, also known as [...]
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Paper and pulp industries The paper production process requires a significant volume of water. This is why pulp and paper producers have historically been located near water supply points, such as rivers. Water is an element that [...]
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Membrane and Moving Bed Biological Treatment - MBR and MBBR The treatment of industrial wastewater requires sophisticated methods and processes that can be adapted to each specific discharge. Unlike the wastewater found in urban wastewater treatment plants, where the pollutant loads move within the wastewater, the MBRs and MBBRs are not the same as the wastewater found in municipal wastewater treatment plants.
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1. Discharge of detergents and other soapy substances Some wastewaters generated in industrial processes contain soapy substances and detergents. The discharge of these waters produces negative effects on the natural environment, such as eutrophication, which generates an ecosystem characterized by the abnormally high presence of nutrients such as phosphates. When [...]
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Introduction to sludge thickening As a consequence of the treatment of wastewater generated in industrial processes, a concentration of waste is produced in the form of sludge, also called sludge, which can be more or less hydrated. Wastewater purification treatments are mainly classified into physical, chemical and biological processes. [...]
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Introduction: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are applied in hydraulic flow systems and transport processes. They are standard development tools for constructions and equipment with fluid components. Nowadays, CFD simulations are indispensable in all kinds of engineering, [...]
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Wastewater generated in industrial processes must undergo appropriate treatment before being discharged to the sewer system, returned to the environment or reused in other processes. One of the most effective and versatile methods for wastewater management is dissolved air flotation (DAF) systems, which are widely used in industrial processes.
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